The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. A bridge can connect that instrumental solo. In this use, a bridge often comes before or after an instrumental solo. Just as a physical bridge is used to connect two places together, so too can a musical bridge connect two sections of a song. In a legal context, the term is generally used to explain taking away or restricting some existing. Think of the word bridge in its primary, most literal meaning. For example, to make an abridged copy of a book means to reduce the number of words in a book without affecting the quality or substance of the book. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. In a generic sense the term abridge means to cut short. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. These modications to the previous invariants. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 2 () 1 Def(), and 1 () ()1, where Def()is the deciency of G, dened as the maximum dierence of numbers of generators minus relations over all nite presentations of G (see 8) and ()denotes the minimal number of generators for G. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.
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